1 Shangri-La Hotel, Penang 8-9 September 2000 Editors: G.H. Pereira & T.F. Ng ( Collaborators: Minerals and Geoscience Department Malaysia Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia University of Malaya Univrsiti Sains Malaysia Institute of Geology Malaysia 2 PERSATUAN GEOLOGI MALAYSIA Geological Society of Malaysia Council 2000/2001 President Vice President Secretary Assistant Secretary Treasurer Editor Immediate Past President Councillors Abdul Ghani Rafek Mohd Shafeea Leman Ahmad Tajuddin Ibrahim Nik Ramli Nik Hassan Lee Chai Peng Teh Guan Hoe Ibrahim Komoo Abdul Rahim Samsudin Abdul Rashid Jaapar Azmi Yakzan Hamdan Hassan Liew Kit Kong M. Selvarajah Tajul Anuar Jamaluddin Tan Boon Kong PERSIDANGAN TAHUNAN GEOLOGI 2000 Annual Geological Conference 2000 Organising Committee J.J. Pereira (Chair) Chow Weng Sum Ibrahim Komoo Anna Lee Leong Lap Sau Ng Tham Fatt Teh Guan Hoe H.D. Tjia Yeap Ee Beng Yip Foo Weng Zamri Ramli Teh Guan Hoe (Chair) Fahruzzaman Ahmad Lim Choun Sian Ng Tham Fatt Syafrina Ismail Victor Wong Lee Wee Editorial Subcommittee Joy J. Pereira (Co-chair) James Anak Bachat Marilah Sarman Rohayu Che Omar Tanot Anak Unjah Zaitul Zahira Ghazali Reviewers Abdul Rahim Samsudin Basir Jasin C.S.

• Geomorfologi Dan Hidrologi Karst
• Geomorfologi Dan Penggunaan Lahan

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Taib Yeap Ee Beng 3 Proceedings Geological Society of Malaysia Annual Geological Conference 2000 Shangri-La Hotel, Penang 8-9 September 2000 Editors G.H. Teh Department of Geology, University of Malaya Joy J. Pereira Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia T.F.Ng Institute of Postgraduate Studies and Research, University of Malaya Organiser Geological Society of Malaysia Collaborators: Minerals and Geoscience Department Malaysia Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia University of Malaya Universiti Sains Malaysia Institute of Geology Malaysia GEOLOGICAL SociETY of MALAYSIA )( KUALA LUMPUR 4 Copyright: Geological Society of Malaysia, 2000 All right reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Geological Society of Malaysia. Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Annual Geological Conference 2000 (2000:Penang) Proceedings of Annual Geological Conference 2000 Shangri-La Hotel, Penang, 8-9 September 2000 I editors G.

Ng ISBN Geology - Congresses. Environmental geology - Congresses. Teh, Guan Hoe, II. Pereira, Joy Jacqueline, III. Ng Tham Fatt, IV.

Persatuan Geologi Malaysia. 551 Published by Geological Society of Malaysia c/o Department of Geology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur Tel: Fax: Printed by Art Printing Works Sdn. 29 Jalan Riong, Kuala Lumpur 5 FOREWORD The Annual Geological Conference 2000 is the J4lh in the series of conferences organised by the Geological Society of Malaysia since The Conference provides participants with an excellent opportunity to exchange scientific and technical information. With the dawning of the 21' century, geoscientists in Malaysia are moving in unison towards a higher level of excellence.

The publication of this Proceedings, distributed to all participants during the Conference, is a significant step in this direction. The scientific programme of the Conference was organised to accommodate the wide interest of Malaysian geologists under eight themes.

These are Tectonics & Structural Geology, Petrology & Petrography, Sedimentology & Stratigraphy, Conservation Geology & Geotourism, Environmental Geology, Engineering Geology & Hydrogeology, Mineral Resources and Geoscience Tools & Techniques. Nine keynote addresses have been scheduled by the foremost geoscientists from universities and research institutions in Malaysia. A total of 63 papers were selected for this publication. The papers are more or less evenly distributed within each theme and are expected to enhance the current knowledge and understanding of the geology of Malaysia. A forum on the conference theme, Increasing the Relevance of Geoscience in the 21' Century, has also been organised to discuss strategies to increase the relevance of geoscience and enhance knowledge about the contribution of geoscience among non-geoscientists, particularly policy and decision makers. A more specific dialogue on the role of geologists in site investigation is also planned. The Annual Geological Conference 2000 is also held in Pulau Pinang for the first time.

This provides geoscientists with a unique opportunity to get to know the geotourism and geotechnical aspects ofpenang Island more intimately through the fieldwork that has been organised. In addition, a fieldtrip across Peninsular Malaysia, from Baling to Kuala Terengganu, Temerloh and back to Kuala Lumpur is also planned. The organisation of this conference has been a tremendous challenge, particularly with respect to the publication of this proceedings. In this context, I would like to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to Prof.

Geomorfologi Dan Hidrologi Karst

Teh Guan Hoe and Ng Tham Fatt for their hard work and commitment. I would also like to acknowledge and thank the board of reviewers, the editorial subcommittee and all the contributors for helping to make this publication a reality. Lastly, I am also indebted to members of the organising committee for their dedication and support in planning the conference programme. Indeed, the organisation of this conference and the publication of the proceedings are a reflection of the success that can be achieved when geoscientists work together as a team towards a common goal of excellence. Joy Jacqueline Pereira Chair Organising Committee Annual Geological Conference 2000 iii 6 CONTENTS Section 1: Structural Geology I Tectonics 3 Tectonic and Structural Development of Cenozoic Basins of Malaysia H.D. TJIA 17 The Occurrence of Thrusts in North Kedah and Perlis ZAITON HARUN & BASIR JASIN 21 Joint Patterns and Structural Analysis of Pulau Bunting, Yan, Kedah IBRAHIM ABDULLAH & CHE Azrz Au 27 Antara Mitos dan Neotektonik Bukit Putri, Terengganu ASKURY ABD.

Slide 6: “Geomorphology is the science concerned with understanding the form of the Earth’s land surface and the processes by which it is shaped, both at the present day as well as in the past. British geomorphologists are involved in research into the processes of weathering and erosion, sediment transport and deposition, the characterisation of landforms and the materials of which they are composed”. Atau Ilmu yang menguraikan tentang bentuk bumi, dengan sasaran utama relief permukaan bumi. The.nada09 – Geomorfologi Umum 2011 What is Geomorphology? Slide 7: Zuidam and Cancelado (1979, 1985) “ Geomorphology is the study which describes landforms and the processes which arrange their formation, and investigates the interrelationship of these forms and processes, and their special arrangement ”. Verstappen, H.Th.

Geomorfologi Dan Penggunaan Lahan

(1983) “ Geomorphology can be defined as ‘science’ dealing which landform making up the earth surface, both above and below sea level and stressing their genesis and future development, as well as their environment contexts”. The.nada09 – Geomorfologi Umum 2011.

: Cooke, 1974: Studi bentuklahan yang menekankan pada sifat alami, asal mula ( genetik ), proses perkembangannya, dan komposisi materialnya Van Zuidam, 1979: Studi bentuklahan dan proses-proses yang mempengaruhi pembentukannya, dan menyelidiki hubungan antara bentuk dan proses dalam tatanan keruangan Vestappen, 1983: Ilmu pengetahuan tentang Bentuklahan sebagai pembentuk permukaan bumi, baik diatas maupun dibawah permukaan laut, dengan menekankan pada asal mula (genesis) dan perkembangannya dimasa datang serta konteksnya dengan lingkungan The.nada09 – Geomorfologi Umum 2011.